Cancer Research: From Basic to Bedside, A Comprehensive Overview
A total of 54 patients were enrolled from June 29, 2022 to June 11, 2023. The median age was 64 (30–83) years, with 39 (72.2%) being male, and 52 (96.3%) having an ECOG of ≥1. Based on risk classification per IPSS-R, 13 patients (24.1%) were intermediate risk (IR), 25 (46.3%) high risk (HR), and 16 (29.6%) very high risk (vHR). At baseline, the median levels of blood counts were 69 (35–95)g/L for hemoglobin, 39.5 (2–409)×109/L for platelets and 0.8 (0.1–8.6)×109/L for neutrophils. By the data cut of June 11th, 2023, the median duration of follow-up was 5.6 months (95%CI:3.6–7.9). Among the 22 efficacy evaluable patients who received initial treatment of ≥4 months, overall response rate (ORR) was 81.8% (18/22), including 36.4%(8/22) complete response (CR) rate, 22.7%(5/22) marrow CR (mCR) with hematologic improvement (HI), 9.1% (2/22) HI and 13.6% (3/22) mCR alone. Among the 17 efficacy evaluable patients who received initial treatment of ≥6 months, ORR was 88.2%(15/17), including 41.2% (7/17) CR, 29.4% (5/17) mCR with HI, 5.9% (1/17) HI and 11.8% (2/17) mCR alone. The median duration of response (DoR) was not reached. Biomarker data showed mutation burdens of several markers, including TP53, DNMT3A, ASXL1, U2AF1, were dramatically reduced on study treatment. The most frequent treatment related adverse events (TRAEs) (≥20%) were leukopenia (85.2%), thrombocytopenia (72.2%), neutropenia (66.7%), lymphopenia (57.4%), anemia (44.4%), vomiting (44.4%), pyrexia (33.3%), infusion related reaction (33.3%), constipation (29.6%), nausea (25.9%), hypoalbuminemia (22.2%) and infection (20.4%). The most common ≥G3 TRAEs (≥10%) included leukopenia (81.5%), thrombocytopenia (68.5%), neutropenia (66.7%), lymphopenia (57.4%), anemia (44.4%) and infection(16.7%). These AEs were consistent with the AE profile of the AZA monotherapy in treatment-naive MDS as commonly reported in China. Without using of a low priming dose, no Grade ≥3 hemolysis occurred. The study is ongoing.